Estrogen Associated Diseases and Disorders
Estrogen-associated diseases categorized by high and low estrogen levels, along with brief explanations for each:
⬆️ Diseases Associated with High Estrogen (Hyperestrogenism)
1. Endometriosis
- Growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus.
- Estrogen stimulates this tissue, causing pain, inflammation, and infertility.
2. Estrogen-sensitive Cancers
- Breast cancer and endometrial cancer can be promoted by high estrogen levels, especially unopposed by progesterone.
3. Fibroids (Uterine Leiomyomas)
- Benign tumors in the uterus.
- Estrogen promotes their growth.
4. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
- May involve elevated estrogen alongside androgens and irregular ovulation.
- Can lead to menstrual irregularities and infertility.
5. Gynecomastia (in Males)
- Enlargement of breast tissue in men due to estrogen dominance (relative or absolute).
⬇️ Diseases Associated with Low Estrogen (Hypoestrogenism)
1. Osteoporosis
- Estrogen deficiency (especially postmenopause) leads to reduced bone density and increased fracture risk.
2. Menopausal Syndrome
- Hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, vaginal dryness, and sleep disturbances caused by estrogen withdrawal.
3. Amenorrhea
- Absence of menstruation, often due to low estrogen from hypothalamic suppression, eating disorders, excessive exercise, or menopause.
4. Infertility
- Estrogen is essential for ovulation and endometrial receptivity. Low levels can interfere with conception.
5. Atrophic Vaginitis
- Thinning, drying, and inflammation of vaginal walls due to reduced estrogen—common after menopause.