Order Pesticides Kit

Pesticides are chemical or biological agents used to kill, repel, or control pests that damage crops, spread disease, or affect human environments. While they increase agricultural productivity and control vector-borne diseases, they also raise concerns about environmental impact, food safety, and human health.

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Types of Pesticides
Class Targets Examples
Insecticides Insects DDT, malathion, permethrin
Herbicides Weeds Glyphosate, atrazine, 2,4-D
Fungicides Fungi/molds Mancozeb, chlorothalonil, azoxystrobin
Rodenticides Rodents (rats, mice) Warfarin, bromadiolone
Nematicides Nematodes (worms) Aldicarb, fluopyram
Bactericides Bacteria Copper sulfate, streptomycin
Larvicides Insect larvae Temephos, methoprene
Molluscicides Snails, slugs Metaldehyde, ferric phosphate
Chemical Categories
Chemical Class Example Compounds Mode of Action
Organochlorines DDT, lindane Nerve impulse disruption (sodium channels)
Organophosphates Malathion, parathion Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Carbamates Carbaryl, aldicarb Reversible cholinesterase inhibitors
Pyrethroids Permethrin, cypermethrin Disrupt sodium channels in nerves
Neonicotinoids Imidacloprid, thiamethoxam Bind nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Phenoxy herbicides 2,4-D Mimic plant hormones (auxins)
Biopesticides Bt toxin, neem oil Natural or biological origin

Health and Environmental Concerns

  • Acute toxicity: Skin, respiratory, neurological effects
  • Chronic exposure: Cancer, endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity
  • Bioaccumulation: Persistent chemicals like DDT in the food chain
  • Resistance: Pests evolving resistance with repeated exposure
  • Pollution: Water, soil, and non-target species contamination

Regulation & Safety

  • Monitored by agencies like EPA (U.S.), EFSA (EU), and WHO
  • Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) set for food safety
  • Integrated Pest Management (IPM) recommended to reduce reliance