Estrogen Associated Diseases and Disorders
Estrogens
Estrogen is a key sex hormone with a wide range of physiological functions, particularly in females but also in males.
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Reproductive System
- Development of female secondary sexual characteristics: Breast development, pubic and armpit hair, and regulation of menstrual cycle.
- Menstrual cycle regulation: Estrogen levels fluctuate during the cycle, helping to control the growth of the uterine lining and triggering ovulation.
- Pregnancy support: Prepares the uterus and maintains the endometrial lining for embryo implantation and pregnancy.
- Vaginal health: Maintains thickness, elasticity, and lubrication of the vaginal lining.
Bone Health
- Promotes bone formation and inhibits bone resorption (breakdown).
- Maintains bone density; a drop in estrogen (e.g., after menopause) can lead to osteoporosis.
Cardiovascular System
- Improves lipid profile: Increases HDL (“good” cholesterol), decreases LDL (“bad” cholesterol).
- Helps maintain vascular health by promoting vasodilation (relaxation of blood vessels) through nitric oxide.
Brain and Mood
- Affects mood and cognitive function.
- Plays a role in serotonin production and receptor sensitivity.
- Low estrogen levels are associated with mood swings, irritability, and depression (e.g., PMS, menopause).
Thermoregulation
- Helps regulate body temperature. Estrogen fluctuations can contribute to hot flashes during menopause.
Muscle Mass and Strength
- Helps preserve muscle mass, especially in women during the reproductive years.
Skin and Mucosa
- Maintains skin thickness, moisture, and elasticity.
- Supports wound healing and collagen production.
Liver Function and Coagulation
- Influences the synthesis of proteins involved in blood clotting.
- Affects how the liver processes cholesterol and other substances.
